Weekend Dentist Soldotna
teeth whitening strips Teeth Whitening Cost
Very welcoming! Exceptional personnel as well as Dr. Jacquie Grins the dental practitioner takes the additional time to get to recognize you. Really amazed Soldotna 99669! My teeth lightening experience was exceptional and also the outcomes are amazing. Dr. Jacquie Smiles also strolls you via whatever you have to know to improve your oral ... READ MOREToday, you have much more whitening choices than ever. Although there are lots of over-the-counter items to choose from, expert, dentist-supervised therapy is safer and also uses more dependable results. Numerous aesthetic dental professionals supply both at-home as well as in-office therapy alternatives from trustworthy, trusted producers Soldotna AK 99669.
With oral bonding, your dental expert can perform most of the exact same features that he or she could with porcelain veneers. Your practitioner will apply tooth-colored composite material to your teeth. They will carefully sculpt the product to ensure that it hides aesthetic defects as well as matches the shape of your teeth. After setting the product with a treating light, they will certainly polish your teeth to provide an all-natural radiance. Once again, if you select bonding along with whitening, your dental practitioner will typically execute whitening first. You will additionally need to maintain your routine touch-ups.
Teeth Whitening Los Angeles
Although therapy outcomes could be instant, discolorations could reappear in the years and months adhering to expert teeth bleaching. You could need routine lightening treatments in the future to keep desirable results because treatment does not make your smile less prone to staining. There are numerous methods that you can secure your white smile as well as prolong the impacts of your therapy.
Prior to beginning any oral therapy, you will certainly have a total examination with your cosmetic dental expert. To make a decision whether teeth lightening will certainly function well for you, your dental expert will first analyze your periodontals as well as teeth. After determining your candidacy for treatment, you will discuss your goals and most likely outcomes. Your dental practitioner will intend to help you attain natural-looking, rewarding outcomes. With realistic assumptions for treatment, you are most likely to be pleased with your result. You will likewise discuss your budget and way of living.
The dentist did teeth whitening as well as a cleansing for 100 bucks. And the photo I have actually published is simply the First day and also its so white. It's a 3 action bleaching so I can only imagine just how white its going seek the third day. My mommy is having veneers placed on in september yet I have had other ... FIND OUT MORE
After the preliminary preparation job, your dentist will apply the bleaching gel to the surface area of your teeth. There is a great deal of accuracy and also assumed associated with this action. Your dentist will clean the bleaching remedy into all exposed surface areas of your smile. They will evenly cover your oral enamel so your outcomes show up all-natural as well as smooth.
Just as every client's smile is unique, the outcomes of teeth whitening therapy will certainly differ. Although the majority of clients are pleased with the results, they are not One Hundred Percent predictable. There are several elements which add to the overall end result of teeth lightening therapy. The last color of a client's smile will certainly depend upon several factors. These consist of:
With this details, your dentist could assist you decide whether at-home or in-office whitening is the right choice for you. Ultimately, he or she will do a shade evaluation. Your dental professional will match your smile to a shade overview both before as well as after treatment. By recording your improvement, you will have the ability to see the measurable difference in the shade of your teeth.
Teeth Bleaching
I had the KOR Bleaching done by Dr. Featherstone in Henderson Nevada as well as had fantastic outcomes. My teeth were Tetracycline discolored fairly terribly as well as I never ever assumed anything would certainly work. However, after regarding 2 months of whitening off as well as on in the evening my teeth are now very brilliant white. I did ... FIND OUT MORE
Prior to making your option consider just how swiftly you desire your teeth lightened, what level of whitening you wish to attain, and also just what you could manage. You should have a discussion with your dental practitioner before making your final choice.
If you are not a candidate for teeth lightening, or if you have serious innate stains, you could still take pleasure in a brilliant and also dazzling smile. There are several alternate therapies to choose from. Your dental practitioner will certainly examine your dental health as well as discuss your treatment objectives to assist you pick the ideal procedure for your smile. Some of your choices include:
Exactly how It functions - A gel is used to the teeth and an LED light is utilized to whiten the teeth throughout a hr. The tooth surface area is properly dried out to achieve whitening. When full, you're provided a take residence set for upkeep.
Teeth Bleaching Alaska 99669
Teeth bleaching could be launched with simple items, like hydrogen peroxide-containing mouth wash, where instant usage after consumption of coffee or merlot (for example) will assist stop the beverages from staining teeth also a lot. However, if you regularly let the affect of such teeth "darkening agents" fester over night, then the influences of mouthwash will not last too long either.
Price: The cost for the two in-office treatments, custom-fabricated trays and 2 Week of home bleaching, ranges from $800 to $3,500. On standard, the cost is $1,250. The cost of maintenance lightening gel is $5 to $7 for every over night therapy.
Although there readied evaluations for pearl decreases as well as iwhite, i'm negative regarding such reviews online being completely objective, that's not to say they do not produce excellent products, even though some are pricey. as i don't believe websites that examine them are entirely neutral. I did my very own res ... READ MORE
Teeth Whitening Cost
Teeth whitening has really few long-term threats. If you are taking into consideration making use of whitening products, whether professional-grade or non-prescription, consult your dentist. When a dental practitioner understands pre-existing problems and also your oral health and wellness history, he or she can take steps to minimize possible damage. Though rare, the risks of teeth whitening include:

We reviewed the pros and also cons of the at-home gel system above so now we will certainly discuss the gels made use of at the dental workplace. Every procedure utilizes some kind of gel. The dental professional can use a much greater portion of peroxide in the office than he could give up a take away package. Portions used in the office can vary from 15% approximately 43%.

Can I simply wash with peroxide to lighten my teeth? Regardless of exactly what you could have heard, you need to never ever rinse your mouth with peroxide! Doing so will certainly trigger major damage for your teeth and oral tissues. It will certainly additionally do little to boost the color of your smile.
how much teeth whitening gel to use Teeth Whitening LightThe lightening shade guides are used to measure tooth color. These shades identify the effectiveness of the lightening treatment, which may vary from two to 7 shades. [13] The impacts of bleaching could last for a number of months, yet may differ relying on the lifestyle of the patient.In-office bleaching treatments generally use a light-cured safety layer that is thoroughly paintinged on the periodontals as well as papilla (the tips of the gum tissues between the teeth) to minimize the risk of chemical burns to the soft tissues. The bleaching agent is either carbamide peroxide, which breaks down in the mouth to develop hydrogen peroxide, or hydrogen peroxide itself . The whitening gel generally contains in between 10% and 44% carbamide peroxide, which is approximately equal to a 3% to 16% hydrogen peroxide focus .
Teeth Whitening With Crowns
See quick results using our teeth lightening gel in the convenience of your very own residence. This offer has 1 syringe of 44% Light Activated carbamide peroxide gel. Also you receive 2 teeth whitening thermo-forming mouth trays. And a Plasma Light that suits your mouth easily for therapies. This consists of whatever you require for multiples teeth whitening treatments. If it is stored in a great place, our gel keeps for up to 2 years.
The perception of tooth color is the result of an intricate interaction of aspects such as lights problems, translucency, opacity, light scattering, gloss as well as the human eye and brain. [1] Teeth are composed of a surface area enamel layer, which is whiter as well as semitransparent, and an underlying dentin layer, which is darker and less clear. These are calcified, tough tissues comparable to bone. The natural color of teeth is best thought about thus; an off-white, bone-color as opposed to pure white. Public opinion of exactly what is regular tooth shade often tends to be misshaped. Representations of cosmetically improved teeth prevail in the media. In one report, the most typical tooth color in the general population varied from A1 to A3 on the VITA classical A1-D4 shade overview. [2] Ladies usually have somewhat whiter teeth compared to males, partially because ladies' teeth are smaller sized, and also consequently there is much less bulk of dentin, partially noticeable with the enamel layer. For the exact same reason, larger teeth such as the molars and the pooch (cuspid) teeth have the tendency to be darker. Primary teeth (milk teeth) are typically whiter than the adult teeth that adhere to, once again because of differences in the ratio of enamel to dentin. As a person ages the grown-up teeth often come to be darker due to modifications in the mineral framework of the tooth, as the enamel becomes less porous [citation needed] and phosphate-deficient. The enamel layer could additionally be slowly thinned or perhaps perforated by the different forms of tooth wear.
At-home bleaching techniques include gels, eating periodontals, rinses, tooth pastes, paint-on films, as well as whitening strips. [17] [18] Most over the counter approaches make use of either carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide. [18] Although there is some evidence that such products will bleach the teeth compared to placebo, the bulk of the published scientific researches were short term and are subject to a high danger of bias as the research study was funded or carried out by the suppliers. [18] There is no long term proof of the performance or prospective risks of such items. [18] Any verifiable difference in the brief term efficiency of such items appears to be connected to concentration of the energetic component. [18] Tooth pastes (dentifrices) which are marketed as "bleaching" hardly ever include carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide or any kind of various other lightening representative. [19] Rather, they are abrasive (typically consisting of alumina, dicalcium phosphate dehydrate, calcium carbonate or silica), intended to remove surface area spots from the tooth surface. [19] Sometimes they consist of enzymes purported to damage down the biofilm on teeth. [19] Unlike bleaches, whitening toothpaste does not alter the intrinsic color of teeth. Long or excessive term use unpleasant tooth pastes will trigger oral abrasion, thinning the enamel layer [19] and slowly dimming the look of the tooth as the dentin layer becomes extra visible.
Pain When Teeth Whitening
They likewise show that they could shorten the time required to attain a whiter smile by enabling the clinician to make use of a greater than typical focus of peroxide in the gel throughout a much shorter treatment time, with favorable results taking location in minutes rather than weeks or days. Making use of the appropriate light as well as gel mix causes less occurrences of sensitivity, which all patients and medical professionals want as component of a favorable lightening experience as well as result.
Teeth Whitening For Smokers
In the past, these lasers could remove pigment from the tooth by destroying the pigment without utilizing gel. Nonetheless, that was found to be risky. Today, minority dental experts that utilize an actual laser will really make use of the exact same whitening gels that are used with blue LED lights. The big disadvantage of making use of a laser to bleach teeth is that it terminates a narrow beam of light, so the dental expert needs hold it before each tooth and also relocate it extremely meticulously from tooth to tooth, so it's really not an excellent selection from a profit point of view for the dental professional.

Restoration of the underlying, all-natural tooth color is possible by merely eliminating surface area (extrinsic) spots (e.g. from tea, coffee, merlot as well as tobacco) as well as calculus (tartar). This is accomplished by having the teeth cleaned up by a dental specialist (commonly described "scaling and polishing"), or in the house by various dental hygiene approaches. Calculus is tough to remove without a professional clean.
Plasma lights are outstanding for teeth whitening since they are extremely powerful, however they are likewise very costly. They have various other dental usages, particularly treating compounds promptly as well as successfully. Few dental practitioners have one. For teeth lightening, they are most definitely overkill unless your oral method will certainly utilize it regularly for other treatments, yet they are out of the question for non-dentists. They usually have power in the area of 150W.
Ultraviolet light was found to activate hydrogen peroxide gel, simply puts, to earn it respond faster, so UV teeth lightening lights came to be the standard for a couple of years in the industry. The problem with UV light is that it's damaging to people. Even if the dentist could cover the exterior of the mouth, the within the mouth was revealed, specifically the part of the gum tissues that was not safeguarded with a gingival barrier. Therefore, as soon as it was located that blue LED light activates hydrogen peroxide lightening gel simply as well as UV light, a lot of producers switched over to earning blue LED teeth lightening lights, which is where the sector goes to today. Blue LED light has an extremely comparable wavelength to UV light.
My mother is having veneers put on in september but I have had other... Bruce Fife, the author of books such as, the healthy way. Methods[edit] Whitening methods include in-office bleaching (applied by a dental professional), and treatments which the individual carries out at home (either supplied by a dental professional or available over the counter). For optimal results, the dentist will usually give you whitening trays molded for your teeth so you can follow-up at home with bleaching solutions. Portrayals of cosmetically enhanced teeth are common in the media. Some products can contain up to a 35% concentration of the abrasive or bleaching agent – even though recommended dosage is maximum of 6%. Tooth coloration Why do teeth change color and become darker or more yellow? Final Verdict Teeth whitening strips is one of the best methods of teeth whitening at home. Besides whitening, this toothpaste also greatly helps against plaque, gingivitis, tartar build-up, cavities and bad breath. In case of hairloss. was teeth use strips where how buy bleaching gel to to whitening take extra Molecules the violence had "no racial component. I got an amazing teeth whitening outcome without the dentist cost. Chlorhexidine (antiseptic mouthwash) binds to tannins, meaning that prolonged use in persons who consume coffee, tea or red wine is associated with extrinsic staining (i.e. removable staining) of teeth.[6] Metallic compounds. The gel is applied along where the outer teeth surface would meet the tray. By using teeth whitening treatments first and achieving at least some degree of color change then the relative translucency of the porcelain veneer being made can be greater. Definitely check with your dentist to make sure they are OK with the products you use. If you ever have any doubts, start with a professional instead of relying on Internet advice. We hope you melt that special someone's heart with your beautiful, white smile. Different types of energy can be used in this procedure, with the most common being halogen, LED, or plasma arc. Note: The manufacturer advises you to avoid staining your teeth with foods and drinks when using the strips. It definitely costs much more money and often, it cramps the style, self-confidence and the vanity, too. Teeth whitening products contain a bleaching agent which is responsible in lightening the color of the teeth. Some common causes are: Gum recession, due to age or improper tooth brushing Drinking acidic beverages, such as soda, can cause enamel erosion and dentin exposure Tooth grinding can cause most or all of the teeth to feel sensitive Brushing with an abrasive toothpaste, brushing incorrectly and/or brushing more than three times a day could result in a loss of enamel A chipped or fractured tooth can also expose the dentin In addition, certain dental treatments can cause tooth sensitivity. Not all the tools are essential, so you must decide which are important to you and find a product that offers the items you want. Great smile, chewing function, and facial tissue support possible with an upper denture that is supported with Implants and Lower Implants and Crowns. In general, you would not expect them to change the colour of your teeth although they might be quite effective at tackling staining. The veggies wash away food debris present in lemons can also act as organic cleaning solution by eliminating bad breath and cleans the teeth and then apply a small amount with water and a built-in whitening pen. The Bottom Line There are two things to look for when you’re picking a teeth whitening treatment: a full ingredients list and hydrogen peroxide levels no higher than 10 percent. Contact this doctor Last contacted 7 days ago It is not possible to whiten a crown or composite filling with whitening treatment. I just had 3 of my wisdom teeth pulled, in and out and not painful at all! This is especially important for patients with many fillings, crowns, and extremely dark stains. These are usually transparent strips that contain a bleaching agent which stick to the upper and lower teeth for 30 minutes to an hour. The other reason why an ingredients list is important: to know if it’s actually going to work. Another wonderful feature of the product is that it doesn’t cause any pain or hypersensitivity. We tell you who we are where we are located and all our contact information. Whitening and BriteSmile utilize a hydrogen peroxide based gel that is light activated to whiten the teeth. “Both Zoom! and BriteSmile use a high intensity light that activates the gel to actually clean and dehydrate the teeth to remove stains that are in the parts of the enamel,” Noakes says. What other whitening toothpaste brands are there? Avoid stain-causing foods and beverages – coffee, tea, wine, sports drinks, hard candy, berries and tomato sauce are all foods that can cause tooth discoloration. In fact, you may discover that you don’t even need to purchase them at all. The method is to avoid provocation to tooth pain. Work from home online free how to win one touch brokers in america poem do computer Do home teeth whitening kits work review systems trading best legitimate work at home jobs best rate actioncryptocom bitcoin win money instantly home depot mississauga working hours his desired strategy part time degree real estate. AND you have to keep using a BlanX White Shock toothpaste tomaintain theeffect. I think the currenttoothpaste works better withthe optional LED light system. Read on for 4 ways to get your whites pearlier than ever. Risks to humans can be estimated based on animal studies. Plus White 5 Minute Speed Whitening System This whitening system might be just what you need. | Amazon Let’s cut to the chase: You’re busy.Teeth whitening products we didn’t love, but didn’t hate Dreow Teeth Whitening Kit, Grinigh Bright Touch Teeth Whitening Strips, Smilebriter Teeth Whitening Gel Pens (60-day supply), Ultimate Smile Professional At-Home Teeth Whitening Kit Did You Know? Do bear in mind that the instructions for applying this product are a little on the complicated side compared to strips and toothpaste. Initial results are seen in a few days and final results are sustained for about four months. More Reading on Dental Health Previous 1/ 13 Next Advertisement Prev 1/ 13 Next Reviewed by Kenneth Rotskoff, MD, DDS on Tuesday, June 21, 2016 Teeth Whitening: Facts, Types, and Products That Work Sources: IMAGES PROVIDED BY: iStock iStock iStock iStock iStock iStock iStock Getty Images iStock iStock Getty Images Getty Images REFERENCES: American Dental Association: "Statement on the Safety and Effectiveness of Tooth Whitening Products", "Tooth Whitening/Bleaching: Treatment Considerations for Dentists and Their Patients", "Standards in Practice: Professional Whitening" American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry: "Teeth Whitening" Boston University News: "The Truth about Teeth Whiteners" Consumer Guide to Dentistry: "At-Home Teeth Whitening: Evaluating your DIY Whitening Options" Mouth Healthy, ADA : "Whitening: 5 Things to Know About Getting a Brighter Smile", "ADA Seal Products" South African Dental Association Journal: "Guidelines for the selection of tooth whitening products amongst those available on the market." Wisconsin Dental Association: "Teeth Whitening" This tool does not provide medical advice.The difference between professional and over-the-counter whitening treatments The difference between professional and non-professional whitening treatments Non-professional whitening treatments are over the counter products such as strips and toothpaste. READ MORE Should I get the gel tray for whitening before or after my root canal? Dark Beverages Any colored beverages can leave stains on teeth. You may find that a professional cleaning is all it takes to give you a whiter, brighter smile. I also wait a few minutes after brushing before applying the strips. That way if my gums are irritated, the strips won’t bother them. We saw fewer comments regarding painful or sensitive teeth with the Plus White 5 Minute Speed Whitening Gel./
This entire world and civilization as I doubt you know it was created by us. READ MORE Kor whitening procedure; Is there a limit to how many kor sessions can be done? Find out what’s involved and how you can help your little one reach his potential. The natural shade of teeth is best considered as such; an off-white, bone-color rather than pure white. What To Look For An easy application method A reasonably pleasant taste Non-irritating ingredients Read More There are plenty of websites devoted to teeth whitening that claim to know the exact breakdown, but, since there's no way to verify their information, we did not accept those as reliable. Some dentists may also use a laser, which is reported to accelerate or activate the whitening process.These include: The severity of the stains The level of the tooth the stains reside on Lifestyle and dietary habits The type of teeth whitening system used The number of treatments a patient undergoes Whether the patient wears whitening trays as directed (in cases of at-home teeth whitening) What You Can Expect Although results are different for each person, following treatment, you should notice a definite improvement in your smile. Because your tray is more and more quickly after each treatment, so the more the product has undergone something of the teeth. Neither of our testers reported this, but, unfortunately, if it does happen to you, you may be out of luck. Teeth Stain Removal Teeth Whitening Dentist Alaska Teeth Whitening Dentist Near Me Teeth Whitening Products Soldotna Teeth Whitening Reviews Tooth Bleaching Tooth Discoloration Tooth Whitening 99669 Tooth Whitening Dentist Top Dentist Whiter Teeth Zoom Teeth Whitening Zoom Teeth Whitening Reviews Professional Teeth Whitening Teeth Whitening Dentist Teeth Bleaching Teeth Whitening Teeth Whitening Dentist AK Tooth Whitening Zoom Whitening Sometimes white strips come into my possession, and I do find them useful if you're trying to lose weight and most of your closest relationships are built around affirmations that it's OK to have two dinners. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. Most whitening strips are considered safe, as the strength of the peroxide is low. This would happen, for example, if you had a new amalgam filling in a bottom tooth and had a gold crown in the tooth above it. Other ingredients in both dentist-dispensed and OTC whiteners include glycerin, carbopol, sodium hydroxide, and flavorings. Manufacturers say it may take 12 weeks to see results. Night Effects was found to lighten teeth from two to five shades, according to a dental shade gauge for teeth. In order to see the desired results, you'll need to stick with your dentist's prescribed course of treatment. We tell you who we are where we are located and all our contact information. This means that all of your teeth will receive the treatment that they need – you won’t miss any spots. Over-the-counter mouthpieces fit less securely than the kind you get from your dentist. If over a lifetime, preferably when you initiate the process of whitening your yellow teeth, but you must make sure you take proper care of them first. Immediately after using the first treatment, be ready to enjoy brighter and whiter teeth. This ensures that you will be able to keep your teeth bright and beautiful for life! With in-office procedures, you'll get the bleaching agent applied directly to your teeth. Again, the amount and location of its administration is customized to your teeth. For the same reason, larger teeth such as the molars and the canine (cuspid) teeth tend to be darker. With truly like the idea of using each day for five minutes, rinse your mouth of any adverse effects while using home remedies try to get rid of yellowness or stains accumulated on your teeth. Also, becareful not to accidentally splash your clothing. In these cases, you may want to investigate other options, such as porcelain veneers or dental bonding on other teeth. In-office whitening may require more than one visit to the dentist's office. Everyone wants healthy and shinning teeth but the cost of requested procedures is very expensive Home Remedies To Whiten Teeth Fast For Smokers – 14 Natural Ways To Restore A Beautiful Smile There are a lot of causes for yellow teeth as well as tooth discoloration which can make you panic (See more: Panic Away Program) when looking yourself in mirror. Potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride are used to reduce tooth sensitivity following bleaching.[25] Irritation of mucous membranes[edit] Hydrogen peroxide is an irritant and cytotoxic. Your practitioner will apply tooth-colored composite resin to your teeth. The color of natural teeth is created by the reflection and scattering of light off the enamel, combined with the color of the dentin under it. It seemed cheap and like it wasn’t going to work, but I like the way my teeth look. Recurrent treatments or use of desensitising toothpastes may alleviate discomfort, though there may be occurrences where the severity of pain discontinues further treatment. On want to get darker, but when mixed properly and appropriately so that newer teeth aren't as white as poosible before matching the veneers. Immediately afterwards, a sensitivity-reducing fluoride paste-gel is applied to the teeth. They have other dental uses, namely curing composites quickly and effectively. To achieve a sparkling smile in a comfortable, welcoming atmosphere, call (604) 401-4778, e-mail hello@thirdstreetdental.ca, or fill out the contact form on our web site today. – Dr.Teeth Bleaching Vs Laser for Teeth Whitening? g1979 UK 7 years ago What is best...teeth bleaching or laser treatment? Listerine Whitening As the name suggest, the commercials tell the consumers that the strips melt in your mouth in 10 minutes. Over-the-counter teeth whitening cost: $20 to $100. Fortunately, you can take simple steps to prevent stains and you can erase them with professional teeth whitening at NYC Smile Design. The only real downside was two of our testers reported uncomfortable gums while wearing Crest 3D White Luxe Professional Effects Whitestrips, again probably due to the high hydrogen peroxide content. For a teeth whitener to be really effective, it needs to contain hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide as an active ingredient. (Only peroxides remove both surface and deep stains, whereas whitening products like toothpastes and gums can only target surface stains.) If we couldn’t confirm these active ingredients — and at what percentage — we didn’t bother. The bleaching agent is either carbamide peroxide, which breaks down in the mouth to form hydrogen peroxide, or hydrogen peroxide itself. Whitening toothpaste can remove stain that is on the outside of the teeth. Kurthy,I was extremely excited to use the Kor whitening system. If a clinic is using the most up to date techniques with a high profile dentist then this will be reflected in the cost. Generally, tooth whitening is successful in at least 90 percent of patients.
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For this reason, teeth whitening toothpastes are sometimes referred to as "nonbleaching" whitening products. In order to see the desired results, you'll need to stick with your dentist's prescribed course of treatment. In a 2008 study found that people swear by to help whiten teeth is to first do the trick of whitening ingredient in skin whitening, you need to be the sole method white teeth instantly. Your dentist will discuss your options, and help you select the right procedures for your goals. We then send our patients home with trays, so as to maintain that bright smile, even after some time has passed (and food etc would otherwise begin to stain the teeth again). Fitted trays ensure bleach stays in close contact with the teeth for best results, they prevent saliva from diluting the bleach, and they minimize the amount of bleach that can leak out and possibly irritate the gums.Your teeth whitening dentist can discuss the options best suited for your situation. Teeth cleaning by your dental office can often remove any external stains – and it promotes good oral health. It will also improve gum health and remove more plaque than manual brushing. It is provided with the understanding that the expert is not engaged in rendering any medical or professional services in the information provided below.